സെൻറ് ജോൺസ് മോഡൽ എച്ച്.എസ്.എസ്. നാലാഞ്ചിറ/അക്ഷരവൃക്ഷം/Immunisation protects against infectious disease.

Immunisation protects against infectious disease. Introduction: The purpose of immunisation is to prevent people from acquiring infections and to protect them against the short and longer term complications of those infections, which can include chronic illnesses, such as cancer and death. Vaccines work by stimulating the body's defence mechanisms are collectively referred to as the immune system. Vaccines mimic and sometimes improve on the protective response normally mounted by the immune system after an actual infection. The great advantage of immunisation over natural infections is that immunisations has a much lower risk of adverse outcomes. To understand how immunisation protects against the diseases produced by pathogens such as viruses and bacteria, we first need to understand how the immune system works. The immune system consists of trillions of specialised blood cells known as white blood cells, and their products such as antibodies. These cells are located throughout the body not only in the bloodstream but also in lymph glands the spleen the skin lungs and intestine. Immunisation has been evolving for more than 2000 years. The ancient Greeks knew that people who had recovered from the bubonic plague were resistant to getting it again. Based on this observation the authorities in Athens used survivors from previous epidemics to nurse sufferers when the same infection re-emerged. During the middle Ages the practice of inoculating people with a small amount of material from smallpox pustules (known as variolation ) spread from India and China to Turkey and then into Europe and even as far as America. However the procedure itself retained a significant risk of death and it was never widely adapted in clinical practice. In the 18th century Edward Tenner 2 British general practitioner, introduced the practice of what we now know as vaccination. This was based on the observation that milkmaids who developed a mild skin infections caused by the vaccinia virus ( commonly called cowpox ) were resistant to smallpox a highly dangerous disease. Because of its success in protecting against smallpox vaccination with cowpox became wide spread finally leading to global elimination of smallpox in the late 1970s. So far this is the only time that a common fatal disease has been completely eradicated. Renowned Australian immunologist Professor Frank Fenner Chairman of the World Health Organization's smallpox steering committee was a key contributor to this remarkable achievement. CONCLUSION: The immune system is a complex array of cells and molecules operating in an orchestrated manner in order to protect the host from pathogenic micro organisms and exogenous noxious agents within our environment . How ever destruction of host tissue may occur if the immune response in inadequate due to intrinsic or extrinsic mechanisms in cell function or if there is a hyper-responsiveness due to dysfunctional regulatory mechanism. The pathogenesis of periodontal diseases is clearly of an inflammatory origin and as such has a close association with the immune system. Unravelling the intricate mechanism by which the host responds to pathogens colonizing the tooth will lead to more sensitive means to detect subtle changes in diseases activity and more effective and predictable therapeutic modalities. Immunisation is the second best cost effective public health intervention. It is important to remember the national immunization schedule. As well as exception associated with it. Maintenance of cold chain is essential to produce desire immunity. Each one of us must practice immunization for the benefit of the community and country. അലീന രാജൻ 9 B സെന്റ് ജോൺസ് മോഡൽ എച്ച്.എസ്.എസ്. നാലാഞ്ചിറ തിരുവനന്തപുരം നോർത്ത് ഉപജില്ല തിരുവനന്തപുരം അക്ഷരവൃക്ഷം പദ്ധതി, 2020 ലേഖനം  സാങ്കേതിക പരിശോധന - Sai K shanmugam തീയ്യതി: 16/ 04/ 2020 >> രചനാവിഭാഗം - ലേഖനം