സെന്റ് ജോസഫ് .എച്ച് .എസ്.എസ്.തലശ്ശേരി/അക്ഷരവൃക്ഷം/A throwback

A throwback While some of theearliest pandemics faded by wiping out parts of the population, medical and public health initiatives were able to halt the spread of other diseases. As human civilizations flourished, so did infectious disease. Large numbers of people living in close proximity to each other and to animals, often with poor sanitation and nutrition, provided fertile breeding grounds for disease. And new overseas trading routes spread the novel infections far and wide, creating the first global pandemics. Here’s how five of the world’s worst pandemics finally ended. 1. Plague of Justinian—No One Left to Die Three of the deadliest pandemics in recorded history were caused by a single bacterium, Yersinia pestis, a fatal infection otherwise known as the plague.The Plague of Justinian arrived in Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, in 541 CE. It was carried over the Mediterranean Sea from Egypt, a recently conquered land paying tribute to Emperor Justinian in grain.The plague decimated Constantinople and spread like wildfire across Europe, Asia, North Africa and Arabia killing an estimated 30 to 50 million people, perhaps half of the world’s population. “As to how the plague ended, the best guess is that the majority of people in a pandemic somehow survive, and those who survive have immunity.” 2. Black Death—The Invention of Quarantine The plague never really went away, and when it returned 800 years later, it killed with reckless abandon. The Black Death, which hit Europe in 1347, claimed an astonishing 200 million lives in just four years.As for how to stop the disease, people still had no scientific understanding of contagion, says Mockaitis, but they knew that it had something to do with proximity. That’s why forward-thinking officials in Venetian-controlled port city of Ragusa decided to keep newly arrived sailors in isolation until they could prove they weren’t sick.At first, sailors were held on their ships for 30 days, which became known in Venetian law as a trentino. As time went on, the Venetians increased the forced isolation to 40 days or a quarantino, the origin of the word quarantine and the start of its practice in the Western world. “That definitely had an effect,” says Mockaitis. 3. The Great Plague of London—Sealing Up the Sick London never really caught a break after the Black Death. The plague resurfaced roughly every 20 years from 1348 to 1665—40 outbreaks in 300 years. And with each new plague epidemic, 20 percent of the men, women and children living in the British capital were killed.The Great Plague of 1665 was the last and one of the worst of the centuries-long outbreaks, killing 100,000 Londoners in just seven months. All public entertainment was banned and victims were forcibly shut into their homes to prevent the spread of the disease. 4. Smallpox—A European Disease Ravages the New World Smallpox was endemic to Europe, Asia and Arabia for centuries, a persistent menace that killed three out of ten people it infected and left the rest with pockmarked scars. But the death rate in the Old World paled in comparison to the devastation wrought on native populations in the New World when the smallpox virus arrived in the 15th century with the first European explorers.The indigenous peoples of modern-day Mexico and the United States had zero natural immunity to smallpox and the virus cut them down by the tens of millions. 5. Cholera—A Victory for Public Health Research In the early- to mid-19th century, cholera tore through England, killing tens of thousands. The prevailing scientific theory of the day said that the disease was spread by foul air known as a “miasma.” But a British doctor named John Snow suspected that the mysterious disease, which killed its victims within days of the first symptoms, lurked in London’s drinking water.While cholera has largely been eradicated in developed countries, it’s still a persistent killer in third-world countries lacking adequate sewage treatment and access to clean drinking water.  Conclusion - The great corona disease spread widely over the world. So many years ago there were many pandemics spread all over the world. It Cause so many people's dead. Now the corona repeating the same way all over the world. But over nation is really struggling to defeat the virus. We all are the unitedly fighting against covid .19. In this great battle we are the soildlers, we are the superhero's.The question is how we can be it? How we can be a superhero. The answer is simple, stay home, stay healthy, wash your hands, keep self hygiene. There are many things we know, but now this only can help into overcome this. In the year 2020 we thought that we would fly in air and make more scientific Innovation,but we are teaching the world to wash there hands. So as this history reveals that we can also overcome this great pandemic and create a new world. ക്രിസ്റ്റോ ഫെഡറിക് 9B സെന്റ് ജോസഫ് .എച്ച് .എസ്.എസ്.തലശ്ശേരി തലശ്ശേരി സൗത്ത് ഉപജില്ല കണ്ണൂർ അക്ഷരവൃക്ഷം പദ്ധതി, 2020 ലേഖനം  സാങ്കേതിക പരിശോധന - MT_1260 തീയ്യതി: 27/ 04/ 2020 >> രചനാവിഭാഗം - ലേഖനം